Development and Testing of Psychological Conflict Resolution Strategies for Assertive Robots to Resolve Human–Robot Goal Conflict

As service robots become increasingly autonomous and follow their own task-related goals, human-robot conflicts seem inevitable, especially in shared spaces. Goal can arise from simple trajectory planning to complex task prioritization. For successful goal-conflict resolution, humans need negotiate goals priorities. this, the robot might be equipped with effective conflict resolution strategies assertive but similarly accepted by user. In this paper, for (public cleaning robot, home assistant robot) are developed transferring psychological concepts (e.g., negotiation, cooperation) HRI. Altogether, fifteen were grouped expected affective outcome (positive, neutral, negative). two online experiments, acceptability of compliance these tested humanoid mechanic application contexts (public: n 1 = 61; private: 2 93). To obtain a comparative value, also applied human. additional outcomes trust, fear, arousal, valence, as well perceived politeness agent assessed. The positive/neutral found more acceptable than negative strategies. Some (i.e., threat, command) even led reactance fear. only positively evaluated certain agents (human or one approach, empathy). Influences on strategy acceptance public context could found: was predicted trust. Compliance interpersonal power. Taken together, HRI enhance effectiveness. If robot-specifically context-sensitively they contribution paper is twofold: based Human Factors Social Psychology introduced empirically studies contexts. Influencing factors requirements effectiveness assertiveness discussed.